Challenge #2: Extend Functionality Without Modifying Existing Code

You have a Shape class with a calculate_area method that calculates the area of different shapes (e.g., circle, rectangle). The method currently uses conditional statements to handle different shapes.

class Shape:
    def calculate_area(self, shape):
        if shape['type'] == 'circle':
            return 3.14 * shape['radius'] ** 2
        elif shape['type'] == 'rectangle':
            return shape['width'] * shape['height']

Task:

• Refactor the Shape class to adhere to the Open/Closed Principle.

• Implement a design that allows adding new shapes without modifying the existing code.